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𝙊𝙨𝙩𝙚𝙤𝙖𝙧𝙩𝙝𝙧𝙞𝙩𝙞𝙨 āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ†āĻ˛ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨āĻž !!!

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ORTHOPAEDICS

Writer : Ishrat Purobhi.

𝙍𝙝𝙚đ™Ēđ™ĸ𝙖𝙩𝙤𝙡𝙤𝙜𝙮:

āĻ¨āĻžāĻœāĻ¨ā§€āĻ¨ āĻŦā§‡āĻ—āĻŽ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ Job HolderāĨ¤ āĻŦāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¸ ā§Ģā§Ļ āĻāĻ° āĻ•ā§‹āĻ āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤ āĻ…āĻĢāĻŋāĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ˛āĻŋāĻĢāĻŸ āĻ¨āĻž āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ āĻĒāĻžāĻāĻš āĻ¤āĻ˛āĻž āĻ¸āĻŋāĻāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ āĻŦā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ‰āĻ āĻžāĻ¨āĻžāĻŽāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ•ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻŦāĻ›āĻ°āĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• āĻ§āĻ°ā§‡ āĻŸā§‡āĻ° āĻĒāĻžāĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻŋāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ āĻ­āĻžāĻ™āĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻšāĻ¨ā§āĻĄ āĻ•ā§‹āĻŽāĻ° āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĨāĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŖ āĻ°ā§‡āĻ¸ā§āĻŸ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĨāĻž āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ ā§ˇ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨āĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻœ āĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡ āĻŦāĻ¸āĻž āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ‰āĻ āĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ°āĻ“ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ°āĻ•āĻŽ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĨāĻžāĨ¤ āĻŦāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¸ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻ‡āĻĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§€āĻ‚ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĨāĻž āĻ–ā§āĻŦ āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻ¨āĻžāĻœāĻ¨ā§€āĻ¨ āĻŦā§‡āĻ—āĻŽ āĻĄāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻ›ā§‡ āĻ—ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻĄāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻ¤āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ“āĻˇā§āĻ§ āĻĻā§‡āĻ¨ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ“āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ‡āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻĄāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻ¤āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻĒāĻ°āĻžāĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻĻā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¯ā§‡āĻŽāĻ¨āĻƒ – āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻĻāĻžāĻāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻŦāĻž āĻ•āĻŽ āĻā§āĻāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨āĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻœ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦāĻžāĻĨāĻ°ā§āĻŽā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ¨ high commode āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤

āĻ¨āĻžāĻœāĻ¨ā§€āĻ¨ āĻŦā§‡āĻ—āĻŽā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§āĻ¯ Diagnosis āĻ•āĻŋ āĻšāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡?

āĻšāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨ āĻ¤āĻžāĻšāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¨āĨ¤

Diagnosis : 𝙊𝙨𝙩𝙚𝙤𝙖𝙧𝙩𝙝𝙧𝙞𝙩𝙞𝙨.

āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¸ā§āĻ•āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ–ā§āĻŦ Common āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ Rheumatological āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸ā§āĻ¯āĻž āĻšāĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡ Osteoarthritis.

āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¤ Farmer, Miners, Professional Athletes āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ‡ āĻ°ā§‹āĻ— āĻŦā§‡āĻļāĻŋ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤ āĻ¤āĻŦā§‡ āĻ—āĻŦā§‡āĻˇāĻŖāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻž āĻ—ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡, āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻ¨āĻžāĻŽā§‚āĻ˛āĻ• āĻŽāĻšāĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŦā§‡āĻļāĻŋ

āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋāĻ“ āĻ¨āĻžāĻŽā§‡āĻ° āĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡ itis āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻāĻŸāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ†āĻĻāĻ¤ā§‡ inflammatory disease āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻšāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ“ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ•ā§ƒāĻ¤āĻĒāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡ āĻāĻŸāĻž Non inflammatory arthritis.

āĻāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§‡ Joint āĻāĻ° Articular cartilage āĻāĻ° focal loss āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ joint space narrow āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ, subchondral cyst & osteosclerosis develop āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ osteophyte formation āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§‹ joint āĻāĻ° remodelling āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ‡ joint āĻŸāĻž enlarged āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤

🔘Pathophysiology:

➡ī¸āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ Genetic ( Slipped femoral epiphysis, developmental dysplasia of hip) & environmental factor ( Trauma, Obesity, anxiety, depression etc.) āĻāĻ° āĻĒā§‡āĻ›āĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ•āĻžāĻœ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤

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➡ī¸ Abnormal load distribution across the joint āĻāĻ° āĻĢāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡ā§ˇ

Pain āĻ•ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ ❓

Due to :-

  • 🔸 Increased pressure in subchondral bone
  • 🔸Trabecular microfracture
  • 🔸Capsular distension
  • 🔸Bursitis & synovitis
  • Osteoarthritis āĻāĻ° āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻŦā§ˆāĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ•āĻ¨āĻœāĻ°ā§‡ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ‡āĻƒ-
  • 💠 Insidious onset over months or years.
  • 💠 45% of all people develop Knee osteoarthritis & 25% develop Hip osteoarthritis.
  • 💠 It is mechanical pain, not inflammatory pain.
  • 💠 Asymmetrical & large joints ( Hip & knee, neck, lumber spine) usually involved. But it may affect proximal interphalangeal joints & distal interphalangeal joints also.
  • 💠 Pain is aggravated by activity & relieved by rest.
  • 💠 Mild morning stiffness persists for >15 minutes.
  • 💠 There is good days & bad days.
  • 💠 Restricted movements & bony swelling around margin of the joints.
  • 💠 Palpable or sometimes audible coarse crepitus due to rough articular cartilage.
  • 💠 Periarticular tenderness & muscle weakness.

â™ģī¸ Management:

🔴 Education: Although cure is not possible, pain & function can often be improved.

âšĢ Lifestyle medication :

  • â–Ēī¸Reduce weight
  • â–Ēī¸Quadriceps strengthening exercise
  • â–Ēī¸Using shock absorbing footwear
  • â–Ēī¸Using walking stick for painful knee.

đŸ”ĩ Non pharmacological therapy :

  • 🔹 Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation
  • 🔹 Local therapy : Heat or cold.
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation

đŸ”ļ Pharmacological therapy:

  • ★ Paracetamol.
  • ★ NSAID.
  • ★ Opiates ( if NSAID doesn’t respond).
  • ★ Anti neuropathic drugs: Amitriptyline, gabapentin, pregabalin etc.

Edited By : Nahid Hassan.

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Tags:

NSAID

osteoarthritis

Pain

Paracetamol

Trabecular

Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation

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