đđ¨đŠđđ¤đđ§đŠđđ§đđŠđđ¨ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻāĻ¨āĻž !!!
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ORTHOPAEDICS
Writer : Ishrat Purobhi.
đđđđĒđĸđđŠđ¤đĄđ¤đđŽ:
āĻ¨āĻžāĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻŦā§āĻāĻŽ āĻāĻāĻāĻ¨ Job HolderāĨ¤ āĻŦāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¸ ā§Ģā§Ļ āĻāĻ° āĻā§āĻ āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤ āĻ āĻĢāĻŋāĻ¸ā§ āĻ˛āĻŋāĻĢāĻ āĻ¨āĻž āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ āĻĒāĻžāĻāĻ āĻ¤āĻ˛āĻž āĻ¸āĻŋāĻāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻāĻ āĻžāĻ¨āĻžāĻŽāĻž āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ā§ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¤āĻžāĻā§āĨ¤ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻŦāĻāĻ°āĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ āĻ§āĻ°ā§ āĻā§āĻ° āĻĒāĻžāĻā§āĻā§āĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻŋāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ āĻāĻžāĻāĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻĄ āĻā§āĻŽāĻ° āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĨāĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤ āĻāĻŋāĻā§āĻā§āĻˇāĻŖ āĻ°ā§āĻ¸ā§āĻ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ˛ā§ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĨāĻž āĻ¸ā§āĻ°ā§ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ ā§ˇ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻ¸ā§ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨āĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻžāĻ āĻļā§āĻˇā§ āĻŦāĻ¸āĻž āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻāĻ āĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻŦāĻžāĻ°āĻ āĻ¸ā§āĻ°āĻāĻŽ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĨāĻžāĨ¤ āĻŦāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¸ā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§ āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĨāĻž āĻā§āĻŦ āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻā§āĨ¤ āĻ¨āĻžāĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻŦā§āĻāĻŽ āĻĄāĻžāĻā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻāĻžāĻā§ āĻā§āĻ˛ā§ āĻĄāĻžāĻā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻ¤āĻžāĻā§ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻāĻˇā§āĻ§ āĻĻā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻāĻ¨ āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻ¸ā§āĻāĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§ āĻĄāĻžāĻā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻ¤āĻžāĻā§ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻĒāĻ°āĻžāĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻĻā§āĻ¨ āĻ¯ā§āĻŽāĻ¨āĻ – āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¯ā§āĻ¨ āĻĻāĻžāĻāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻŽ āĻā§āĻāĻā§ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨āĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻĨāĻ°ā§āĻŽā§ āĻ¯ā§āĻ¨ high commode āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
āĻ¨āĻžāĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻŦā§āĻāĻŽā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻāĻžāĻŦā§āĻ¯ Diagnosis āĻāĻŋ āĻšāĻ¤ā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§?
āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨ āĻ¤āĻžāĻšāĻ˛ā§ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¨āĨ¤
Diagnosis : đđ¨đŠđđ¤đđ§đŠđđ§đđŠđđ¨.
āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§ āĻŦāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¸ā§āĻāĻĻā§āĻ° āĻā§āĻŦ Common āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ Rheumatological āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸ā§āĻ¯āĻž āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ Osteoarthritis.
āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¤ Farmer, Miners, Professional Athletes āĻĻā§āĻ° āĻāĻ āĻ°ā§āĻ āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤ āĻ¤āĻŦā§ āĻāĻŦā§āĻˇāĻŖāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĻā§āĻāĻž āĻā§āĻā§, āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻ¨āĻžāĻŽā§āĻ˛āĻ āĻŽāĻšāĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĻĻā§āĻ° āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋ
āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋāĻ āĻ¨āĻžāĻŽā§āĻ° āĻļā§āĻˇā§ itis āĻāĻā§, āĻāĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻāĻĻāĻ¤ā§ inflammatory disease āĻŽāĻ¨ā§ āĻšāĻ˛ā§āĻ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻā§āĻ¤āĻĒāĻā§āĻˇā§ āĻāĻāĻž Non inflammatory arthritis.
āĻāĻā§āĻˇā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§ Joint āĻāĻ° Articular cartilage āĻāĻ° focal loss āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§ joint space narrow āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ, subchondral cyst & osteosclerosis develop āĻāĻ°ā§āĨ¤ āĻ¸ā§āĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§ osteophyte formation āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§ joint āĻāĻ° remodelling āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻ¸ā§āĻ joint āĻāĻž enlarged āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
Pathophysiology:
āĻāĻŋāĻā§ Genetic ( Slipped femoral epiphysis, developmental dysplasia of hip) & environmental factor ( Trauma, Obesity, anxiety, depression etc.) āĻāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻāĻ¨ā§ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāĻ°ā§āĨ¤
Abnormal load distribution across the joint āĻāĻ° āĻĢāĻ˛ā§ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§ā§ˇ
Pain āĻā§āĻ¨ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ
Due to :-
- Increased pressure in subchondral bone
- Trabecular microfracture
- Capsular distension
- Bursitis & synovitis
- Osteoarthritis āĻāĻ° āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻāĻ¨āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻĻā§āĻā§ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻāĻ-
- Insidious onset over months or years.
- 45% of all people develop Knee osteoarthritis & 25% develop Hip osteoarthritis.
- It is mechanical pain, not inflammatory pain.
- Asymmetrical & large joints ( Hip & knee, neck, lumber spine) usually involved. But it may affect proximal interphalangeal joints & distal interphalangeal joints also.
- Pain is aggravated by activity & relieved by rest.
- Mild morning stiffness persists for >15 minutes.
- There is good days & bad days.
- Restricted movements & bony swelling around margin of the joints.
- Palpable or sometimes audible coarse crepitus due to rough articular cartilage.
- Periarticular tenderness & muscle weakness.
Management:
Education: Although cure is not possible, pain & function can often be improved.
Lifestyle medication :
- Reduce weight
- Quadriceps strengthening exercise
- Using shock absorbing footwear
- Using walking stick for painful knee.
Non pharmacological therapy :
- Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation
- Local therapy : Heat or cold.
Pharmacological therapy:
- â Paracetamol.
- â NSAID.
- â Opiates ( if NSAID doesnât respond).
- â Anti neuropathic drugs: Amitriptyline, gabapentin, pregabalin etc.
Edited By : Nahid Hassan.
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Tags:
NSAID
osteoarthritis
Pain
Paracetamol
Trabecular
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation
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