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🧠 TIA & Stroke Management: Updated Evidence-Based Approach

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4/12/2025 | 5:17:57 AM

🧠 TIA & Stroke Management: Updated Evidence-Based Approach

Transient IschemIic Attack (TIA) āĻšāϞ⧇, āĻ•āĻ–āύ āϕ⧀āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ Antiplatelet āĻ¸ā§āϟāĻžāĻ°ā§āϟ āĻ•āϰāĻŦ⧇āύ?

✅ Latest guidelines āĻŦāϞāϛ⧇, high-risk TIA āĻŦāĻž minor stroke āĻšāϞ⧇ āĻĻā§āϰ⧁āϤ dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻ•āϰāĻž āωāϚāĻŋāϤāĨ¤


✅ Evidence-based āϚāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋā§ŽāϏāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āϰāϞ⧇ stroke recurrence ⧍ā§Ģâ€“ā§Šā§Ļ% āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāĻ¨ā§āϤ āĻ•āĻŽāĻžāύ⧋ āϏāĻŽā§āĻ­āĻŦāĨ¤

🆘 1. Acute TIA/Stroke Management (Within 12 Hours)

🔹 First-Line Therapy: Dual Antiplatelet Therapy (DAPT)

High-risk TIA (ABCD² score â‰Ĩ 4) āĻŦāĻž Minor Stroke āĻšāϞ⧇ āĻĻā§āϰ⧁āϤ dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ, āϝāĻž stroke recurrence āĻ•āĻŽāĻžāϤ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŽāĻžāĻŖāĻŋāϤāĨ¤

📌 Evidence-Based DAPT Regimen:
1ī¸âƒŖ Clopidogrel 300–600 mg loading dose
2ī¸âƒŖ Then Clopidogrel 75 mg/day + Aspirin (50–325 mg/day) for 21 days
3ī¸âƒŖ After 21 days: Switch to Monotherapy (Aspirin 81 mg/day OR Clopidogrel 75 mg/day)

đŸ”Ŧ Clinical Trials Supporting This Approach:
âœ”ī¸ CHANCE Trial (2013, China): ⧍⧧ āĻĻāĻŋāύ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ Aspirin + Clopidogrel āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāϞ⧇ stroke recurrence 32% āĻ•āĻŽā§‡ āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
âœ”ī¸ POINT Trial (2018, USA & Europe): 90 āĻĻāĻŋāύ⧇āϰ DAPT-āĻāϰ āϤ⧁āϞāύāĻžāϝāĻŧ ⧍⧧ āĻĻāĻŋāύ⧇āϰ DAPT āĻŦ⧇āĻļāĻŋ āύāĻŋāϰāĻžāĻĒāĻĻ (hemorrhage risk āĻ•āĻŽ)āĨ¤

đŸšĢ Caution:
â€ĸ ⧍⧧ āĻĻāĻŋāύ⧇āϰ āĻŦ⧇āĻļāĻŋ DAPT āϚāĻžāϞāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϗ⧇āϞ⧇ hemorrhagic stroke-āĻāϰ āĻā§āρāĻ•āĻŋ āĻŦ⧇āĻĄāĻŧ⧇ āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āϤāĻžāχ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻĒāϰ⧇ monotherapy āϚāĻžāϞāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϝ⧇āϤ⧇ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
â€ĸ Aspirin āĻ“ Clopidogrel āĻāĻ•āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ ⧝ā§Ļ āĻĻāĻŋāύ⧇āϰ āĻŦ⧇āĻļāĻŋ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻž āωāϚāĻŋāϤ āύāϝāĻŧāĨ¤

đŸŠē 2. TIA/Stroke with Intracranial Artery Stenosis (70–99%)

🔹 Extended DAPT for Severe Stenosis

TIA āĻŦāĻž Stroke āϝāĻĻāĻŋ ā§­ā§Ļ-⧝⧝% intracranial arterial stenosis-āĻāϰ āĻ•āĻžāϰāϪ⧇ āĻšāϝāĻŧ, āϤāĻŦ⧇ standard ⧍⧧ āĻĻāĻŋāύ⧇āϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧇ ⧝ā§Ļ āĻĻāĻŋāύ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ DAPT āϚāĻžāϞāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϝāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤

✅ Recommended DAPT Regimen (90 Days):
âœ”ī¸ Aspirin + Clopidogrel for 90 days
âœ”ī¸ Then switch to long-term monotherapy (Aspirin or Clopidogrel)

📌 Why 90 Days?
â€ĸ SAMPRISS Trial (2011): Intracranial artery stenosis āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āϞ⧇ stent-āĻāϰ āϤ⧁āϞāύāĻžāϝāĻŧ DAPT + aggressive risk factor control āĻŦ⧇āĻļāĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āϝāĻ•āϰāĨ¤
â€ĸ RESPECT Trial (2020): ⧝ā§Ļ āĻĻāĻŋāύ āĻĒāϰ DAPT āϚāĻžāϞāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϗ⧇āϞ⧇ hemorrhagic risk āĻŦ⧇āĻĄāĻŧ⧇ āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ, āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ stroke prevention benefit āĻ•āĻŽā§‡ āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤

đŸšĢ Caution:
â€ĸ ⧝ā§Ļ āĻĻāĻŋāύ⧇āϰ āĻŦ⧇āĻļāĻŋ DAPT āϚāĻžāϞāĻžāϞ⧇ hemorrhage risk āĻŦ⧇āĻĄāĻŧ⧇ āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ (NNT = 269, NNTH = 132)āĨ¤

💊 3. Alternative Antiplatelet Therapy: Cilostazol & Newer Approaches

🔹 Cilostazol: A Safer Alternative?

āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇ Cilostazol (100 mg BID) āϕ⧇ long-term antiplatelet alternative āĻšāĻŋāϏ⧇āĻŦ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦ⧇āϚāύāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝ⧇āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤

📌 Clinical Evidence:
â€ĸ CSPS .com Trial (2010, Japan): Cilostazol aspirin-āĻāϰ āϏāĻŽāĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻŖ stroke prevention āĻĻ⧇āϝāĻŧ, āϤāĻŦ⧇ bleeding risk āĻ•āĻŽāĨ¤
â€ĸ Asian Population-āĻ Cilostazol-āĻāϰ hemorrhagic risk āĻ•āĻŽ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻāϟāĻŋ preferred choice āĻšāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤

🔹 Newer Agents Under Investigation

âœ”ī¸ Ticagrelor (PLATO Trial) – āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇ Clopidogrel-āĻāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻ˛ā§āĻĒ āĻšāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇, āϤāĻŦ⧇ āĻāĻ–āύ⧋ guideline recommended āύāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
âœ”ī¸ Vorapaxar (TRA 2P-TIMI 50 Trial) – Platelet thrombin receptor blocker, āϤāĻŦ⧇ hemorrhage risk āĻŦ⧇āĻļāĻŋāĨ¤
âœ”ī¸ Rivaroxaban (NAVIGATE ESUS Trial) – Embolic stroke-āĻ promising result, āϤāĻŦ⧇ TIA āĻŦāĻž non-cardioembolic stroke-āĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ āύāĻžāĨ¤

âš ī¸ 4. Prevention & Long-Term Stroke Risk Reduction

🔹 Key Preventive Strategies:

✔ Blood pressure control (target <130/80 mmHg)
✔ Diabetes management (HbA1c < 7%)
✔ Lipid lowering therapy (Statin, LDL < 70 mg/dL)
✔ Smoking cessation 🚭
✔ Weight loss & exercise đŸƒâ€â™‚ī¸ (at least 150 min/week moderate-intensity exercise)
✔ Atrial fibrillation āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āϞ⧇ oral anticoagulation (DOACs or Warfarin) āĻĻ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āωāϚāĻŋāϤāĨ¤

📌 SPARCL Trial (2006): Statins (Atorvastatin 80 mg) āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāϞ⧇ stroke recurrence 16% āĻ•āĻŽā§‡ āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤

đŸ“ĸ đŸ”Ŧ Future Research & Emerging Therapies

🆕 Ticagrelor + Aspirin (THALES Trial, 2020):
â€ĸ Ticagrelor + Aspirin āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāϞ⧇ minor stroke-āĻāϰ risk 17% āĻ•āĻŽā§‡, āϤāĻŦ⧇ bleeding risk āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁āϟāĻž āĻŦ⧇āĻļāĻŋāĨ¤
â€ĸ Future guidelines-āĻ Ticagrelor-āϕ⧇ DAPT alternative āĻšāĻŋāϏ⧇āĻŦ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦ⧇āϚāύāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤

🆕 PCSK9 Inhibitors & Stroke Prevention (FOURIER Trial, 2017):
â€ĸ LDL < 50 mg/dL āĻšāϞ⧇ stroke recurrence 27% āĻ•āĻŽā§‡āĨ¤

đŸŽ¯ Key Takeaways & Practical Approach

✔ High-risk TIA/Minor Stroke āĻšāϞ⧇ āĻĻā§āϰ⧁āϤ DAPT āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻ•āϰāĻž āωāϚāĻŋāϤ (21 days Clopidogrel + Aspirin, then monotherapy)āĨ¤
✔ Intracranial stenosis āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āϞ⧇ 90 āĻĻāĻŋāύ DAPT āϚāĻžāϞāĻžāύ⧋ āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
✔ Long-term secondary prevention-āĻ Aspirin, Clopidogrel āĻŦāĻž Cilostazol āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝ⧇āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤
✔ Hypertension, Diabetes, Hyperlipidemia, Smoking cessation – āĻāϗ⧁āϞ⧋ stroke recurrence prevent āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ essentialāĨ¤

📌 Early aggressive antiplatelet therapy, risk factor modification, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ personalized treatment approach stroke recurrence āĻ•āĻŽāĻžāϤ⧇ āĻ…āĻ¤ā§āϝāĻ¨ā§āϤ āϗ⧁āϰ⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ!

Dr_M_R_Sifat

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